Porsche 911 964 Generation (1989-1994): The Last Air-Cooled Classic
The Porsche 964 represents a pivotal moment in 911 history—the first major redesign of the iconic sports car while maintaining the beloved air-cooled flat-six engine. With 85% new components compared to its predecessor, the 964 brought modern reliability to classic 911 character.
Overview: A Bridge Between Eras
Produced from 1989 to 1994, the 964 generation introduced power steering, ABS, and available all-wheel drive to the 911 lineup. Despite these modernizations, it retained the air-cooled engine that enthusiasts cherish, making it the last 911 generation before water cooling arrived in the 996.
1989-1990: Launch Years
Key Features:
- Carrera 4 (964C4) debuts as the first production model
- All-wheel drive system with rear-biased torque split
- 3.6L flat-six producing 247 hp (250 PS)
- Revolutionary coil spring suspension replacing torsion bars
- Automatic ride height adjustment
What to Know: Early 964s came only in AWD Carrera 4 configuration. The complex AWD system adds weight (3,131 lbs) and maintenance requirements. These first-year models are rarer and command premium prices among collectors who value their historical significance.
1990-1994: Carrera 2 and Variants
Key Changes:
- Carrera 2 (RWD) introduced in 1990, 200 lbs lighter than C4
- Manual and Tiptronic transmission options
- Turbo returns in 1991 with 3.3L engine (315 hp)
- Turbo 3.6 arrives in 1993 with 360 hp
- RS America (1993-1994): lightweight, stripped-down variant
Model Year Differences:
1991-1992: Introduction of rear-wheel drive Carrera 2 made the 964 more accessible and driver-focused. Weight reduction improves handling. The 1991 Turbo revives the turbocharged 911 with updated 3.3L engine carried over from the 930 generation.
1993-1994: The ultimate 964 variants arrive. The Turbo 3.6 features a completely redesigned 3.6L turbocharged engine with 360 hp, making it one of the fastest production 911s of its era. The RS America strips out luxury features for track-focused performance. Final production year models are highly sought after as the “last of the line” air-cooled 911s before the 993 transition.
Special Editions Worth Noting
- 964 Turbo S (1992-1994): Factory-tuned to 381 hp, limited production
- 964 RS (1992): Lightweight road racer, 260 hp, 2,712 lbs
- 964 Speedster (1993-1994): Rare convertible variant, 936 units produced
- RS America (1993-1994): U.S.-market lightweight model, $53,900 MSRP
Buyer’s Guide: What to Look For
Strengths:
- More reliable than earlier 911s thanks to modern engineering
- Air-cooled engine maintains classic character and sound
- Improved chassis and suspension for better handling
- Last 911 generation before transition to water cooling
- Strong collector market with appreciating values
Common Issues:
- Oil leaks from valve covers and rear main seal
- Dual-mass flywheel failure (costly repair: $2,000-3,000)
- Carrera 4 AWD system complexity and maintenance
- Speedometer failure from worn gears
- Sunroof drain clogs leading to interior water damage
Investment Potential
The 964 market has matured significantly. Clean examples have appreciated 40-60% over the past decade. Carrera 2 models offer the best value, with Turbo and RS variants commanding premium prices. Expect to pay $60,000-$90,000 for good Carrera 2 examples, $150,000+ for Turbo models, and significantly more for RS and Turbo S variants.
The Bottom Line
The 964 generation represents the pinnacle of classic 911 engineering—modern enough for daily driving, classic enough to satisfy purists. Whether you choose the engaging rear-wheel drive Carrera 2, the all-weather capability of the Carrera 4, or the raw performance of the Turbo, the 964 offers an unfiltered driving experience that connects you to 911 heritage in ways newer generations cannot.
For collectors and enthusiasts seeking the last air-cooled 911 with modern reliability, the 964 stands as one of the most compelling choices in the classic Porsche market.
